Analysis of Light Absorption in Underwater Filming: A Methodological and Comparative Approach at Successive Depths

Abstract

The study conducted in the Red Sea at depths of 10m, 20m, 30m, 40m, and 50m clearly demonstrates the progressive loss of warm colors underwater due to selective light absorption, highlighting the critical role of artificial lighting in recovering these colors. A handmade underwater color scale was created, providing an essential reference for comparative analyses and precise calibration during post-production. Future experiments will expand on these findings by evaluating different types of underwater lamps with varying color temperatures and intensities, testing the effectiveness of color-correction filters (red, magenta, CY) at shallow and intermediate depths, and examining the impact of water turbidity on color visibility. Practical recommendations derived from this study include strategically employing artificial lighting beyond 10–15m depth, consistently applying custom white balance, maintaining close proximity to subjects, and using a color reference within the frame. Technological advancements and improved digital post-processing methods promise to further enhance underwater image accuracy. Nevertheless, a thorough understanding of underwater optical phenomena combined with practical diving experience remains indispensable for achieving visually compelling and scientifically accurate underwater photography and cinematography.